Mine water and mine waste management Assignment

Mine water and mine waste management - Assignment Example ocess of applications: 1) that water is sliced off from a natural resource to become part of the working process in mining operations, and to also provide fresh water to the crew; and 2) that natural water resources must be diverted away from the area in order to continue providing clean and environmentally safe resources to surrounding towns and to the natural habitat (Watson & Furey, 2013). Diversion channels assist above ground to moving stream and lake waters away from mining operations. At the same time, channel infrastructures must also be designed to isolate water at the mine from one process to the next one, whether the water is to be cleaned or else mixed with waste (rock and tailings), or used in another part of the mining process. This chapter reviews the components of mine water and mine waste as part of the waste management infrastructure. The following image shows the management design layout for the separations of solid waste on the one side, and mine water drainage on the other side, particular to a copper mine operation (Mining Profile, 2012). In the mining industry, the term â€Å"waste,† as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, is based on the specific circumstances of causation and in what part of the management process. In some cases, â€Å"waste† is not really a waste, based on the RCRA, such as when considering mine water or process wastewater, which is controlled by permit through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) (Mining Profile, 2012). Mine water, therefore, does not fall under the RCRA regulations. 1.1.a. Waste Rock refers to both â€Å"overburden† and mine development rock which is removed from underground mines in order to access the bodies of ore located underneath. There is none, or very little of, recoverable mineral value in either type. As waste rock is susceptible to air and water, once hauled to disposal dumps, potentially, there will be oxygen and sulphide minerals

Sources of Law in the European Union Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sources of Law in the European Union - Thesis Example e European Union, particularly the Council of Ministers, the Commission, the European Parliament, and Court of Justice, can be studied in terms of their decision-making processes, which are governed by well laid laws and guidelines. This paper seeks to highlight the sources of EU laws and their integration to guide the union’s objectives. The sources of European Union law are crucial elements to foster cohesion and equality among member states. As such, laws are pooled from within member states and presented in a harmonized manner to govern the proceeding of the organization. The law is applied in courts within members as well as in territories held by the states and such they should be maintain the integrity of member states. The key sources of law are treaties, which are regarded as primary sources while legislation enacted by union organs by virtue of the powers given by member states is termed as secondary community law (Foster, 2007). Primary sources of the EU law are defined by the founding treaties stated as the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the functioning of the EU; thus illustrating their dominance as reference. To this effect, the primary sources top the hierarchy of sources of EU law and their supremacy indicate that other sources remain subordinate. This superiority is strengthened by the prohibition of any revision on the treaties outside the set procedures of the treaties themselves (Kaczorowska, 2009). The treaties are aimed at dispensing competences between the organization and member states, which establish the powers assumed by institutions within the EU structure. In essence, the treaties serve to lay out the legal framework on which the union’s mandate is implemented; moreover, primary law also incorporates amended EU treaties and protocols annexed to the founding treaties as well as the amended treaties. For instance, amendments to the EU treaties were signed to establish an internal market within the union in 1986. In