Suffering in Crime and Punishment Essay Example For Students

Enduring in Crime and Punishment Essay In the novel Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, enduring is a basic piece of each character job. In any case, the message that Dostoevsky needs to give the primary character, Raskolnikov, isn't one of the Christian thought of salvation through misery. Or maybe, it appears to me, as though the creator never lets his principle character endure intellectually all through the novel, comparable to the wrongdoing, that is. His solitary agony is by all accounts physical sicknes. Raskolnikov submits a planned homicide in a condition of incoherence. He winds up submitting a subsequent homicide, which he never under any circumstance needed to be answerable for. He slaughters Lizaveta, an exceedingly guiltless individual. Be that as it may, does the creator ever help us to remember the homicide whenever in the novel again? Not in the physical feeling of the wrongdoing itself. The peruser doesnt find out about how vigorously the homicides are burdening his heart, or how he is tormented by dreams of the wrongdoing. He doesnt feel even a little bit blameworthy about having carried out the wrongdoing, just his prides hurt. He doesnt notice the possibility of the agony that may emerge from repetitive dreams of the wrongdoing. Raskolnikov never again reviews the enormous measures of blood all over, the look on Lizavetas face when he cuts down the hatchet on her head. These things unmistakably show that the wrongdoing isnt what may cause him enduring, or torment, it is something After Raskolnikov is sent off to Siberia, he doesnt feel repentant. His sentiments havent changed about his wrongdoing, he feels terrible at not having the option to satisfying his own thoughts of significance. He develops discouraged just when he learns of his moms demise. Raskolnikov still hasnt found any motivation to feel regret for his wrongdoings. He accepts Siberia as his discipline, on account of the fact that it is so irritating to experience every one of these customs, and ridicularities that it involves. However, he really feels more good in Siberia than in his home in St. Petersburg. Its progressively agreeable, and has preferable everyday environments over his own home. In any case, he isnt allowed to do whatever he prefers. In any case, this doesn't negate what Ive said previously. He doesnt see Siberia as misery, however he sees it as discipline, since he would prefer not need to experience seven years in his jail cell. His hypothesis of the remarkable, and the customary is something he needs to follow and cling to . His need to endure is a piece of his need to satisfy his obscure standards to be phenomenal. His anguish, assuming any, is simply shallow. Suffering must be ardent and all around determined. Raskolnikovs enduring is rarely spoken about, fundamentally in light of the fact that there is none. Indeed, even Raskolnikov sees his handing himself over as a screw up, on the grounds that he couldnt take the warmth. Clearly Raskolnikov never is by all accounts in a pit of sadness from all the experiencing he needs to confront the impact of the homicide. One may contend that Raskolnikovs ailments emerge from his blame and regret for the violations, yet that doesnt seem conceivable. Since the character never refers to the homicide for his ailment. Indeed, Raskolnikov fell promptly wiped out in the wake of submitting the homicide. How might he struck by blame five seconds in the wake of submitting the homicide whenever he hasnt even gotten an opportunity to perceive what occasions have recently happened? There is certainly not a solitary case when Raskolnikov, or the writer besides, ever refer to the sensational impact of the homicides on Raskolnikovs inner voice NOTHING in the novel would even suggest that he feels regret about submitting the killings, it is only a senseless thought that has been embedded in people groups minds and the seed has spread too quickly, without analization.It is amazingly evident that all the supposed agony and enduring that Raskolnikov feels is false, senseless, and upheld by no help. It would be warily si mpleton to endeavor to see it from another purpose of comprehension. Individuals are qualified for their own assessments however the convictions of the at mistake lion's share ought not overbear the convictions of the right minority. Acknowledgment of a hypothesis without Bibliography:

Capacity Strategy Game Exercise Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Limit Strategy Game Exercise - Outline Example Building an excess of limit and selling my item at an exceptionally low cost would mean being in the red and paying out enthusiasm on collected obligations during each period (Henderson 2008, p.16). I imagine that the limit cost (at GBP 10 for every period) is generally low, and in this manner once I have set up section costs I will stay for quite a while. In this situation, regardless of whether you end up with benefits that are moderately low (on your beginning money) you will likely win more than a large portion of your rivals (An and Fromm 2005, p.11). Subsequent to mulling over all the variables referenced above, I imagine that a limit of 200 units would be the best alternative for me; let me clarify why. As a matter of first importance, least interest was 140 BTS while most extreme interest was 260 BTS; this gives us a mean of 200. Aside from this, more often than not request vacillated somewhere in the range of 160 and 240 BTS; this likewise gives us a mean of 200. Considering the way that the two most significant factors here (the normal interest and the normal fluctuating figure) both equivalent 200, it would just be astute to hold 200 units since it seems like that is the thing that the market directs (Klammer 2006,

Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hill

Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hill chiz ´?m [key], 1924â€"2005, U.S. congresswoman (1969â€"83), b. Brooklyn, N.Y. An expert on early childhood education, she worked (1959â€"64) as a consultant to the New York City bureau of child welfare before serving (1964â€"68) in the state assembly. Elected (1968) to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat, Chisholm became the first black woman to serve in that body. She quickly gained national attention as a vocal critic of the war in Vietnam and the House seniority system and as an outspoken advocate of the interests of the urban poor. An active member of the Congressional Black Caucus , Chisholm made an unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination. In 1993 she was nominated to be U.S. ambassador to Jamaica but withdrew because of ill health. She wrote Unbought and Unbossed (1970) and The Good Fight (1973). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights re served. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The Quality And Unwavering Quality Of The Site - 1931 Words

In this Testing Software or program which is a course of action planned for web and versatile applications to for all intents and purposes reproduce customer (client) movement and control the foundation conduct. As it were Testing Program is a specific advancement that allows you to perform web testing more quickly, capably, and consistently, which suggests you can immediately perceive the principle driver of any bottlenecks or issues and manage them. We make it straightforward for you to quantify the execution and reliable of your site so they meet business and customer experience wants Following will helps us to improve the Website: Improve the Quality: In today s reality the quality and unwavering quality of the site is most pivotal in light of the fact that Quality intends to accommodate the foreordained layout requirements. Being correct, the base need of quality, means executing as required under demonstrated circumstances. Troubleshooting, a constrained point of view of Website programming testing is performed energetically to make sense of design flaws by the engineer. The imperfection of human sense makes it skirting on hard to make a respectably complex project reexamine the first gone through. Finding the issues and get them settled, is the explanation behind investigating in programming stage Validation: Testing project can be utilized as an instrument as a part of check and approval (V and V) process. It is additionally another essential reason for testing.Show MoreRelatedAssignment 1850 Words   |  4 Pagesaccess (for example, Telnet); ii) file transfer (for example, FTP); iii) user location (for example, rwho, finger); iv) information browsing (for example, HTTP); v) remote procedure call. Ans. 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The paragraphs will also highlight my professional accomplishments and state the reason why I am seeking a position with Washington Unified School District. In December 2006, I joined Peninsula Family Service Agency as one of their site directors for their Plaza Child Development program in Redwood City. When I joined, Plaza was one of the worst programs at the verge of collapsing. As a way to save this program, Peninsula Family Service applied for Preschool for All funding throughRead MoreThe Rule Behind Cloud Cdn Administrations717 Words   |  3 Pages Cloud CDN administration includes the utilization of cloud servers to get substance to clients. This empowers speedier site stacking speed, one of the real points of interest of utilizing a cloud CDN administration. Quick site stacking is advantageous for some reasons. To start with would be expanded guest enthusiasm for the site, following the pages stack rapidly. Most site proprietors know that moderate pages are one of the significant reasons for guest lack of engagement and surrender of shoppingRead MoreA Research Study On Facebook1269 Words   |  6 Pagesit is the most utilized web server as a part of the world. Facebook has upgraded Linux and Apache particularly as far as system throughput. MySQL Facebook utilizes MySQL as a database innovation for its pace and unwavering quality. MySQL is utilized basically as a key store of quality when the information are haphazardly circulated among countless legitimate. These coherent cases reach out crosswise over physical hubs and burden adjusting is done at physical hub. Similarly as customization is concernedRead MoreAccreditation Audit1207 Words   |  5 Pagesregion, it has a reputation of having an unwavering commitment to constantly improve its standards of operation so that its patients can always be assured of having unsurpassed healing and care services in the hospital. In line with its mission to provide and assure patients of its commitment to the provision excellent care and services to its patients, N.C.H gets the joint commission periodically to come in and rate all the departments as well as the quality of care that the hospital provides. ThisRead MoreLincoln Electric s Winning Organization730 Words   |  3 Pagestried to push them onto his employees or his customers. Mr. Lincoln had a definite plan as far as who was important regarding decision-making. Customers came first, then employees, and finally, stock holders. The company s goal was to make a high-quality product at a low cost. In order to keep costs at a minimum, the entire manufacturing process is streamlined, offices are not fancy, and production is high. While at first glance, Lincoln Electric would appear to be an Outcome-Oriented culture, onRead MoreA Brief Note On Housing Association And The Center Of Dundee1120 Words   |  5 Pagesconnected the system suppliers who are contracted for a long term maintenance agreement. Once in a while, operators of wood pellet boilers need to fret about fuel quality as pellets are manufactured to consistent size, moisture content and calorific value. Operators of woodchip boilers, nonetheless, be aware of the numerous fuel quality issues which arise with the use of woodchips. Standards have been prepared for the production of woodchips which incorporate details chip size, moisture content, theRead MoreThe Strategy Adopted By Natura1710 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch, providing constant innovation of products it sold, and logistics, so that your customers receive fast and quality products ordered. CURRENT STRATEGY By using the VMOST framework to analyse Natura’s current strategy. Looking at their mission, Our purpose is to create and market products and services that promote wellness and a healthy lifestyle (Natura - Official Site), it’s pretty clear that they have achieved this well. Their values revolve around the care of well-being. The companyRead MoreCloud Computing Provides A Shared Pool Of Resources1588 Words   |  7 Pagesor updating applications for our needs. Cloud services allow businesses and customers to use software and hardware that are carried off by third parties at remote locations. Examples of cloud services include online file storage, social networking sites, webmail, and online business applications. The cloud computing model permits access to information and computer resources from anywhere that a network connection is available. Cloud computing provides a shared pool of resources, including data storage

UNC Wilmington Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

University of North Carolina Wilmington is a  public university with an acceptance rate of 61%. Located in southeastern North Carolina five miles from Wrightsville Beach and the Atlantic Ocean, UNC Wilmington is part of the University of North Carolina state university system. UNCW undergraduates can choose from 55 bachelors degree programs. Professional fields such as business, communications, education, and nursing are the most popular. UNC Wilmington wins high marks for value, and among North Carolinas public universities it is second only to  UNC Chapel Hill  for its four-year graduation rate. On the athletic front, the UNCW Seahawks compete in the NCAA Division I  Colonial Athletic Association. Considering applying to UNC Wilmington? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, UNC Wilmington had an acceptance rate of 61%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 61 students were admitted, making UNCWs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 13,117 Percent Admitted 61% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 27% SAT Scores and Requirements University of North Carolina Wilmington requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 44% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 660 Math 600 660 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of UNC Wilmingtons admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UNCW scored between 590 and 660, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 660. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 600 and 660, while 25% scored below 600 and 25% scored above 660. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1320 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at UNC Wilmington. Requirements UNC Wilmington does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that UNCW participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements UNC Wilmington requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 64% of applicants submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 22 27 Math 22 26 Composite 23 27 This admissions data tells us that most of UNCWs admitted students fall within the top 31% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UNC Wilmington received a composite ACT score between 23 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 23. Requirements UNCW does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, the University of North Carolina Wilmington superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of incoming University of North Carolina Wilmington freshman was 4.22. Nearly 90% of admitted students had an average GPA above 3.75. These results suggest that most successful applicants to UNC Wilmington have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of North Carolina Wilmington Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to UNC Wilmington. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of North Carolina Wilmington, which accepts nearly two-thirds of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, UNC Wilmington has a  holistic admissions  process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. UNCW is looking for an upward trend in grades combined with a  rigorous course schedule. They are also looking for  strong application essays  and participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities. Applicants are also encouraged to submit an optional  letter of recommendation. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of admitted students had high school grades in the A or B range, combined SAT scores of 1100 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 22 or better. An A average and SAT score over 1200 makes it highly likely that you will be admitted to UNC Wilmington. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of North Carolina Wilmington Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Introduction How People Respond to Incentives Free Essays

There are incentives in all aspects of our lives, such as, home where you do your chores and get rewarded, or at work when you do extra jobs to get a promotion or raise, or at school where you do some extra credit for a better grade. As economist Steven Landsburg writes in The Armchair Economist (1991, p 3), â€Å"Most of economics can be summarized in four words: ‘People respond to incentives. ’ The rest is commentary. We will write a custom essay sample on The Introduction How People Respond to Incentives or any similar topic only for you Order Now † People care about their employers, but they also care about their families, hobbies, gardens, and churches, which for the most part is why the incentives work so well.People respond to incentives differently. Take for example the professional athlete, who loves their team and talks about giving â€Å"110 percent† also loves their families, favorite charities, and their different vacation homes. Even the true dedication that they have for the sport comes with incentives, such as earning an extra $100,000 for rushing more than 1000 yards in a season, or $300,000 for being on the Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 325,000 just like it! GET  BETTER  GRADES roster for at least for 14 games.Coaches have different incentives, their main objective is to have the best team, but also receive $75,000 extra if at least 75 percent of his senior players graduate. Also if there aren’t any legal and NCAA infractions they receive $50,000 each year. There are bonuses for good grades, but coaches don’t shorten practices to extend study time, that is where incentives kick in, â€Å"You look at the proportional size of each bonus, and it’s not very hard to see where, over the long term, the priority and focus are going to be.    They would rather rewrite a contract on an athlete than change the practice time than to allow them to succeed academically. Incentives drive markets. If people are using a product and the price goes way high, then their incentive is to search for something with the same effect but a lower price. Such as whale oil that people used, until it became too expensive then they turn to an alternative and started using rock†¦ How to cite The Introduction How People Respond to Incentives, Essays

Challenges That Face Multiracial Latinos free essay sample

â€Å"The Challenges that face Multiracial Latinos in Society† In a nation that boasts such a diverse and colorful population , it is surprising how quick it’s mono racial inhabitants and government are to discriminate and build walls between themselves and their mixed race counterparts. In light of the mixed race Latino, they are one of the major unaccepted groups known to Man. Basically they carry around the image of being partly involved with the Hispanic stigmatized minority group which therefore later insinuates struggles down the road with personal identification development. In such a long run of years various governments and powerful , elite heads of large corporations have aimed their concerns at keeping the multiracial identity at bay, concealing it if you will. They have respectively kept order in keeping race related subjects on applications , social perceptions , and even media always focused on sole race never mixed which poses the question then â€Å" where do multi-racials belong on the pecking order, if their not even considered? †. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges That Face Multiracial Latinos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As one can obviously tell there are plenty of mutating challenges that impede the way of multiracial Latinos from ever advancing in the way that their mono racial counterparts do. Multiracial Latinos suffer constantly not only by the ethnic groups they are a product of but also by their non related mono-racial counterparts which hinders a multiracial individual from having a positive and prideful self perception of his or her identity due to discriminatory actions posed against multiracial Latino individuals and because of unchanging world constructs on race. One of the conflicting challenges that mixed race Latinos struggle with is discrimination. A more prevalent form of discrimination that is dealt with among multi -racial’s is social invalidation and alienation among cultural or ethnic groups that may or may not be related to the multiracial individual. Due to the fact that multiracial individuals â€Å" have less access to multiracial family and friends and thus have less social support or guidance on race related obstacles† (Francis, Kimberly), it makes it difficult for them to closely identify with anyone, share experiences and such. They are somewhat alienated from the mono racial loop and feel pushed to pick a side so that they will have somewhere to belong and not suffer through taunts and criticisms as much as before. It’s also very hard to carry pride in their multiracial identity because so far it’s just a few people standing alone for this cause, they are rejected by their common groups and there’s not really a backbone to support the multiracial identity which entails why there are no unions, no organizations, no categories, no nothing to represent multi racials . It’s as though multiracial people are non existent and are forced to rely on only themselves when it comes to racial issues. Mono racials often have immediate families and friends that they similarly identify with culturally and ethnically. Its just overall easier to feel a part of the gang when your mono racial and when your multiracial it’s kind of the opposite, there is no such thing as an in between group, so your practically stuck on your own. In various situations individuals may be unable to assert their preferred identity (i. e. biracial or multiracial) and, instead, feel forced to use the options provided to them, describing themselves exclusively as Asian, Black, Latino, Native American, or White(Hall,1992)†. Basically they feel a push and pull between groups and tend to lean towards the group that is most similar to them in physical characteristics and of course the group that most welcomes them making them feel the need to dial down an ethnic part of t hemselves. That truly affects ones ability to fully grasp what he or she is because they are drawn and labeled exclusively to one group. Their self perception completely changes because now they are defined by society and are squeezed back in to social constructs of a single race/ethnicity. Peer pressures and family pressures are definitely big influencers on identifying as single race instead of what the person actually is, a full multiracial being. For example for an individual of black and Hispanic heritage , in a school setting of all blacks or all Hispanics , the mixed race individual would find it more preferable to identify with the dominant category to be looked upon in a better light, more normal then disclosing his/her mixed identity. Many mixed race individuals have the privilege of being able to pass for a single race but those who do not, suffer alienation and social invalidity from other groups . That doesn’t mean that multi racials can’t gain a lot of experience and appreciation for an ethnicity or race that is applied to them but they will never be labeled by it in society. Take Barack Obama for example, his environment consisted of mainly whites raising him and he was practically raised with white ideals and morals which enabled him to live the life of a white man even though to society he was labeled as Black and not White. All in all there is a feeling of isolation towards mixed race Latinos and a sort of push for them to choose one race over another even though they may not be welcomed by either. Their constantly pulled in a direction in which to showcase what they really are ethnically, even though they belong to two contrasting racial groups . The next issue in reference to discrimination is immigrant discrimination towards mixed race Latinos. In the last 10 years immigration has become a significant problem in the USA with main targets, Hispanics, due to their close proximity borders and high incoming population here in the states. Many Mono racial Latinos face constant discrimination from either coming from a family of illegal immigrants or they themselves being perceived as undocumented individuals. It’s been proven that â€Å"Current models of Anglos’ (ethnic majority group members’) attitudes toward Latinos and Latino immigrants typically derive directly from models of White–Black relations in the United States(Whaley,2006)† which shows how if attitudes from anglos toward the Latino minority groups emerge from racial perceptions of blacks then those same set ideals could be easily used against mixed race Latinos as well . In a study conducted on the differences of how Anglo Americans and Hispanics were treated during a shopping experience showed that â€Å"Overall, Latino individuals were treated differently than Anglo individuals on both measures of bias. Despite the fact that all of the stores included in the study were offered $10 gift certificates, logistical regression analysis revealed that salespeople quoted a minimum dollar amount higher than $10 more frequently for Latino than for White individuals. Salespeople also asked for identification more frequently from Latinos then Whites (Dovidio and Gartner ,2004). This goes to show how maybe there isn’t blatant discrimination demonstrated by refusing service to latinos or mixed race Latinos but that there is a subtle yet noticeable divide when it comes to preconceived notions about this particular minority group and mixed race individuals who carry a part of that with them. For the mixed race Latino who identifies more with his/her Hispani c side , it poses difficulties in escaping those sorts of perceptions and makes them reevaluate whether or not labeling themselves as Hispanic is such a great idea.

Why are Americans so Homicidal an Example by

Why are Americans so Homicidal? Bowling for Columbine by Michael Moore is a documentary that undertakes the question why Americans are homicidal. It depicts the rampant school killings in United States of America. There are long list of possible explanations why Americans are homicidal. However, there is no specific or sole cause why killings are committed. According to Moores documentary, easy access to firearms and, of course, racism is the key factors of killings in America. According to some research on substantial scientific evidence, it supports that developmental depression may be the root cause of many homicides and suicides that originated in failed parental and family bond. Nevertheless, it was challenged by some research. It may be one of the causes, but, there is no proof yet. Some other factors are as follows: easy access to guns and ammunitions; use of drugs and alcohol; family violence; inadequate school climate; negative attitude towards school; poverty; social and psychological disorder; associatio n with delinquent peers; and other factors (http://guide.helpingamericasyouth.gov/programdetail). Some arguments to Moores documentary suggest possible flaws. Need essay sample on "Why are Americans so Homicidal?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One argument is the involvement of National Rifle Association (NRA) to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). NRA was founded in1871 by act of the New York Legislature while KKK was founded in 1866 and became a terrorist organization. Still another thing that is argumentative in the said documentary is the international comparison of homicides with countries like Germany, Australia, Japan, etc. There is no precision with the statistics given. Some countries have more homicide cases than in America. Countries like Columbia, South Africa and Jamaica has the highest crime statistics. United States of America only comes in the 24th place and neighbor county, Canada, comes in 44th place (http://www.nationmaster.com). One more thing is the interview with Carlton Heston on the topic of racism. He said that he is not racist, but, he ones said, US have more mixed ethnicity than other counties and we have enough problems with civil rights (www.hardylaw.net). Moores arguments are not so well presented since m any flaws were perceived, maybe because it was not well researched. Some facts are not accurate. However, the whole approach of the documentary in reaching out to audiences conscience and sensitivity is well presented. It may have touched so many lives. It does not hurt if people are cautious of what is happening in our community. Even if the documentary fail to satisfy the intellectual aspect of the viewers (since some facts are not accurate), the point of the documentary is awareness of what can possibly happen to us and to our children and childrens children. If homicides continue to occur, what can possibly happen to our community? I am convinced that killings cannot be justified especially if you are the aggrieved party. Possible causes of these killings should be hindered. As the Boston Police Departments Youth Violence Strike Force, Operation Ceasefire main objective; it can help diminish killings especially of the innocent children as well as help possible offenders in commiting crimes if its costs are perceived (http://guide.helpingamericasyouth.gov/programdetail). As to my opinion regarding the matter, possible cause of high murder rates in America is a psychological and social aspect. Moore did not tackle much on the developmental depression that may be a big factor in cases of homicides and even suicides. I believe that developmental depression is a big factor in ones position later in life, although there are still no scientific studies established to support the argument. Based on the thesis conducted by James W. Prescott, homicidal deaths have increased by 16% in age group 15 24 years old from 1979 to 1997 (http://violence.de). I hope more people will be aware of this issue and take action to stop this. If more research of possible cause is needed, we should support it. Works Cited Crime Statistics. (On Line). Available: http://www.nationmaster.com/ Hardy, David T. Bowling for Columbine. (On Line). Helping American Youth. (On Line). Prescott, James W. An American Generation of Suicidal and Homicidal Death of Children and Youth. 2000 (On Line).

Advantage of Wimax Essay Example

Advantage of Wimax Essay Example Advantage of Wimax Essay Advantage of Wimax Essay WiMAX is a key component of Intels broadband wireless strategy to deliver innovative mobile platforms for anytime, anywhere Internet connectivity. New and emerging multimedia applications and broadband remote access are driving the need for very high-speed wide area Internet access to mobile devices. WiMAX is an advanced technology solution, based on the IEEE 802. 16-2005 standard, designed to meet this need, and to do so in a low-cost, flexible way. WiMAX networks are optimized for high-speed data and are expected to spur innovation in services, content, and new mobile devices. (Intel, Centino, 2006) WiMAX is an interesting study in technology development, standardization and spin control. The idea for WiMAX came about in the wake of the telecom bubble, when generating hype about what technologies could do was anathema. WiMAX is also - by name as well as by function and association - a cousin of Wi-Fi, which hasnt exactly become firmly ensconced as an indispensable technology tool in the telecom service provider quiver. When Wi-Fis new maxed-out cousin came onto the scene, it already had that (perceived) strike against it. (Meyers, 2005) Wimax is a wireless broadband technology as an alternative to DSL and cable modems. They also have Mobile WiMAX will be a complement to cellular air interfaces, with the possibility of roaming between mobile WiMAX networks and a UMTS or EV-DO network. (Smith, 2006 Smart antennas, are on the road map of every major standard not just WiMAX, including those from the 3GPP (WCDMA) and 3GPP2 (CDMA) and the emerging 802. 20 standard. Existing mobile carriers are unlikely to deploy intelligent antennas with a new air interface initially for coverage or capacity since these carriers already possess substantial tower assets and existing mobile carriers generally scale capacity on new services and/or air interfaces gradually to meet initial and limited demand for those services. OFDMA is also on the road map of virtually every major standard, including those mentioned above. 3GPP2, perhaps through the standardization of FLASH-OFDM, stands to be the first group to offer a mobile, deployment ready version of OFDMA. 3GPP will follow and 802. 20 could ratify an OFDMA standard by late 2006. The first truly open mobile standard (802. 16e). It is governed by the IEEEs fair licensing practices and participation in the group is open and democratic compared to other groups. This is in fact revolutionary as 3GPP and 3GPP2 are ultimately consortiums and its implications are wide. This open process should lead to greater innovation and hence a better performance when moving forward and also potentially lower intellectual property licensing fees and provide for a quicker rate of change compared to that of existing mobile technologies. A lack of history within the mobile industry is also an advantage for WiMAX vendors. WiMAX is also the first major mobile standard to offer all IP as a standard feature set. By putting under IP it offers cost advantages, the ability to offer multiple services over a single platform, reductions in operating and capital expenditures, rapid application development and often a competitive edge. (Fuertes, 2005) Disadvantage of Wimax OFDMA spectral efficiency in a wide area, multi-cellular, mobile environment, remain unproven regarding the implementation which WiMAX purveyors and most others will use. The advantage may exist from use of the air interface but the level of improvement, especially in a challenging mobile environment, may not be as great as many are expecting. Likewise, performance may vary substantially according to implementation and performance of the MAC level, which governs how the radio spectrum is employed and which is rarely considered in RF simulations. Ultimately more testing is required now that 802. 16e has been ratified and vendors are working on implementing the standard. (Fuertes, 2005)

Mine water and mine waste management Assignment

Mine water and mine waste management - Assignment Example ocess of applications: 1) that water is sliced off from a natural resource to become part of the working process in mining operations, and to also provide fresh water to the crew; and 2) that natural water resources must be diverted away from the area in order to continue providing clean and environmentally safe resources to surrounding towns and to the natural habitat (Watson & Furey, 2013). Diversion channels assist above ground to moving stream and lake waters away from mining operations. At the same time, channel infrastructures must also be designed to isolate water at the mine from one process to the next one, whether the water is to be cleaned or else mixed with waste (rock and tailings), or used in another part of the mining process. This chapter reviews the components of mine water and mine waste as part of the waste management infrastructure. The following image shows the management design layout for the separations of solid waste on the one side, and mine water drainage on the other side, particular to a copper mine operation (Mining Profile, 2012). In the mining industry, the term â€Å"waste,† as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, is based on the specific circumstances of causation and in what part of the management process. In some cases, â€Å"waste† is not really a waste, based on the RCRA, such as when considering mine water or process wastewater, which is controlled by permit through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) (Mining Profile, 2012). Mine water, therefore, does not fall under the RCRA regulations. 1.1.a. Waste Rock refers to both â€Å"overburden† and mine development rock which is removed from underground mines in order to access the bodies of ore located underneath. There is none, or very little of, recoverable mineral value in either type. As waste rock is susceptible to air and water, once hauled to disposal dumps, potentially, there will be oxygen and sulphide minerals

Sources of Law in the European Union Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sources of Law in the European Union - Thesis Example e European Union, particularly the Council of Ministers, the Commission, the European Parliament, and Court of Justice, can be studied in terms of their decision-making processes, which are governed by well laid laws and guidelines. This paper seeks to highlight the sources of EU laws and their integration to guide the union’s objectives. The sources of European Union law are crucial elements to foster cohesion and equality among member states. As such, laws are pooled from within member states and presented in a harmonized manner to govern the proceeding of the organization. The law is applied in courts within members as well as in territories held by the states and such they should be maintain the integrity of member states. The key sources of law are treaties, which are regarded as primary sources while legislation enacted by union organs by virtue of the powers given by member states is termed as secondary community law (Foster, 2007). Primary sources of the EU law are defined by the founding treaties stated as the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the functioning of the EU; thus illustrating their dominance as reference. To this effect, the primary sources top the hierarchy of sources of EU law and their supremacy indicate that other sources remain subordinate. This superiority is strengthened by the prohibition of any revision on the treaties outside the set procedures of the treaties themselves (Kaczorowska, 2009). The treaties are aimed at dispensing competences between the organization and member states, which establish the powers assumed by institutions within the EU structure. In essence, the treaties serve to lay out the legal framework on which the union’s mandate is implemented; moreover, primary law also incorporates amended EU treaties and protocols annexed to the founding treaties as well as the amended treaties. For instance, amendments to the EU treaties were signed to establish an internal market within the union in 1986. In

Domestic Marketing And International Marketing

Domestic Marketing And International Marketing The report has been prepared to highlight whether International marketing is really no different from the study of domestic marketing. It comprises the insight of domestic marketing, international marketing, and evolution of global marketing. The objective of this report is to explore various differences between International and domestic marketing. It focuses on various issues that need to be overcome before moving from domestic marketing to international marketing. This report illustrates various examples which moved from domestic to global marketing and experienced remarkable increase in the revenue. This report highlights various ethical problems faced in International Marketing. TABLE OF CONTENTS Topics Page No. Introductionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦4 The evolution of global marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.4-6 Domestic Marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..6-7 International Marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.7-9 Domestic vs. Internationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.9-11 Empirical Examplesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦12-13 Biggest International Marketing Mistakesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.13 Ethical Problems in International Marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.13-15 Conclusion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦15 Reference and bibliographyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦16 INTRODUCTION The marketing aspect is as important as other business aspect in every business engagement. The marketing aspect deals as how to make the product being introduce and sell in the market. There are many kinds of organizations created such as the domestic business, multinational business, international business, etc. The marketing strategies of each kind of business depend on the nature of the business involvement. Therefore, the Domestic and International markets should have separate marketing strategy. The differences of the two markets are obvious from the point of their market host and demand domain. The evolution of global marketing The long held tenants of marketing are customer value, competitive advantage and focus. Organizations hence studied the market, developed the product which satisfied the customer. They followed correct marketing mix to satisfy its own objectives. However this strategy proved to be very narrow as time elapsed and hence evolved Strategic Marketing. The focus was shifted from knowing only customer requirements, to knowing the customer in a context which includes the competition, government policy and regulations, and the broader economic, social and political macro forces that shape the evolution of markets. In global marketing term this means forging alliances (relationships) or developing networks, which works closely with home country government officials and industry competitors to gain access to a target market. The marketing objective has changed from satisfying organizational objectives to one of stakeholder benefits including employees, society, government and so on. Table 1.1 outlines a typology of terms which describes the characteristics of companies at different stages in the process of evolving from domestic to global enterprises. Table 1.1 Stages of domestic to global evolution Management emphasis Stage one Domestic Stage two International Stage three Multinational Stage four Global Focus Domestic Ethnocentric Polycentric Geocentric Marketing strategy Domestic Extension Adaption Extension Structure Domestic International Worldwide area Adaption creation matrix/mixed Management style Domestic Centralized top down Decentralized bottom up Integrated Manufacturing stance Mainly domestic Mainly domestic Host country Lowest cost worldwide Investment policy Domestic Domestic used worldwide Mainly in each host country Cross subsidization Performance evaluation Domestic market share Against home country market share Each host country market share Worldwide In stage one domestic marketing was in focus, with all activity concentrated in the home market. Organizations like milk marketing, solely domestically oriented organizations. In stage two home marketing is focused, but with exports (ethnocentric). Organization probably believes only in home values, but creates an export division. In stage three stage two organizations which realize that they must adapt their marketing mixes to overseas operations. The focus of theses organizations switches to multinational (polycentric) and adaption becomes paramount. In stage four global organizations which create value by extending products and programs and focus on serving emerging global markets (geocentric). This involves in recognizing the markets around the world which consist of similarities and differences and that it is possible to develop a global strategy based on similarities to obtain scale economies, but also recognizes and responds to cost effective differences. The strategies are a combination of extension, adaptation and creation. Domestic Marketing A domestic market is a financial market and trades are aimed toward a single market. A domestic market is also referred to as domestic trading. In domestic trading, organization faces only one set of competitive, economic, and market issues and essentially must deal with only one set of customers, although the company may have several segments in a market. Following are four guiding principles that governs the marketing strategy Knowledge Based Promotion The marketing platform is to deliver the huge benefit of products through ethically designed promotional strategies. The product will be promoted in the marketplace with a message that is focused, competitively advantageous, relevant and evocative to target audience segments, clinically supportable, and sustainable over time. Building Loyalty The marketers ensure that their product is always superseded by any other alternatives and it doesnt go out of fashion. Brand loyalty is integral part in adding value to their business. Parameters Not Formulas There is no set formula to devise the marketing and sales strategies and every product is different and respectively faces its own unique confluence of factors influencing its performance over time. The parameters governing should be with respect to sales and market share. Each of these parameters should be reviewed frequently through external market conditions, other corporate priorities, pricing changes, and new or revived competitors. Meeting the Genuine need The organization should aim to meet customer needs recognized by them. Japanese domestic market The term Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) is used by companies in Japan to refer to the services and product they offer in local market, as opposed to the international, non-Japanese market. The automotive hobbyist uses this term most commonly to refer Japanese-brand automobiles and parts designed and constructed to conform to Japanese vehicle and equipment regulations and to suit Japanese market preferences. Vehicles made in JDM migrate to other markets through ordinary commerce and the grey market. Vehicles made in JDM often differ in features and equipment from vehicles sold elsewhere. For example, Honda to sell its product worldwide has produced different versions of the B18C 1, B16A and K20A engines. This was done to suite varying emission regulations laws followed in different countries. Vehicles built based on JDM specifications will have stiffer suspensions and improved throttle response over vehicles built for different global markets, due to differing driving styles and different road types. For example, the USA features long highways and a smoother ride is always preferable, whereas Japans features short and twisty roads, where a stiffer suspension is desired for improved handling capability. For the US and European market versions, some features may be removed in order to meet certain price level, conventional rear suspension can be used instead of a double wishbone suspension and electronic devices like Active Yaw Control. Furthermore, engine power of JDM sports cars may be removed to meet stricter emission standards in other countries. The JDM headlamps would be a major concern when it comes to safety in countries where traffic flows along the right side of the road, because JDM headlamps are engineered for use on the left side of the road. International Marketing International marketing is a kind of marketing carried out by organizations overseas or across national borderlines. The strategy used is an extension of the techniques used in the home country of a firm. According to the American Marketing Association (AMA) international marketing is the multinational process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. Global Marketing Strategy gives a practical managerial orientation to international marketing in complex, rapidly changing global business environment. The marketing strategy focuses on customer analysis, competitor analysis and company analysis. Once marketing strategies are established the focus is done for segmenting markets, targeting markets and market positioning in the international arena. Following are the factors that need to be considered before moving abroad Demographic and physical environment should be assessed in categories like population size, growth, distribution channels, etc. Economic environment should be reviewed that goes around with the income and expenditure activities, inflation, currency stability, etc. that will contribute for the new service or products success. Social and cultural environment should be assessed that encompasses a wide range of anticipations and assumptions with regards to the culture and social differences. Legal environment should be considered which includes the limitations on trade and tariffs, proper documentation and import regulations. Political environment should be reviewed in which the governments system is included. In terms of strategies, the international market is truly different and more complicated than domestic markets. Individualized Marketing Strategy: This strategy is followed by companies that conduct international business in several nations and is often utilized by smaller businesses involved in only one or two foreign markets. In this strategy, political, social, and economic factors are important components of the marketing process. Global Marketing Strategy This strategy ignores differences between nations and based on the notion that consumers around the world are growing more and more similar and a standardized product and marketing mix can achieve enormous economies, especially in advertising, packing, and distribution because they would not be changed. Domestic Marketing vs. International Marketing Global marketing decisions requires months of research. They require high degree of planning and formation of internal strategies, factors affecting strategies are target audiences, spending and profit margins. Global marketing is more complex, and must take into consideration numerous factors such as Language and translation: Some countries share similar language but every country has nuances of language that should be considered before marketing globally. The marketing pieces should be shared with native speakers in the countries targeted for marketing, even if the language is the same as domestic market. For example Spanish is a language shared by millions worldwide, yet the Spanish spoken in Mexico differs from the Spanish spoken in Spain. Cultural considerations: Cultures vary worldwide and marketing pieces must reflect cultural nuances accordingly. It is wise to examine cultural context before to save money later by helping you avoid costly advertising and marketing mistakes. For Example In the United States, advertisements depicting scantily clad models sell everything from shaving products to soft drinks but in more conservative cultures, such advertisements would be offensive or even banned. Price and payment methods: Online sellers should facilitate currency converters or payment processing systems that accept multiple currencies, sellers must be aware of pricing sensitivities by country, by product and by market. Before launching the product into global market, competition and competitive pricing models should be investigated. The price should be tagged depending on whether product is targeted for domestic or global market. Marketing methods and the media mix: Marketing methods such as websites and print advertisements are used in most countries while others countries prefer to have direct mails. Countries with large rural populations, such as China and India, may not have as robust a mail service as industrialized countries so they may rely more heavily on radio or television rather than printed messages to share new and information. Before investing in any media we need to understand audience being targeted. Distribution methods and shipping concerns: Each country has its own restrictions and law as to what goods can be imported. Costs, time delay and country restrictions must be accounted for worldwide shipping. Every organization must comply with all importation laws, and if required they should be willing to invest the time into learning rules and regulations concerning exports and imports. While planning is an important aspect of any successful campaign, there are certain considerations which are vital for successful launch of a product in domestic market and global market. Table 1.2 lists the instances required to be considered before marketing. Table 1.2 Considerations vital for successful launch of a product Domestic Planning International Planning Single language and nationality Multilingual/multinational/multicultural factors Relatively homogeneous market Fragmented and diverse markets Data available, usually accurate and collection easy Data collection a large task requiring significantly higher budgets and personnel allocation Political factors relatively unimportant Political factors frequently vital Relative freedom from government interference Involvement in national economic plans; government influences business decisions Individual corporation has little effect on environment Gravitational distortion by large companies Chauvinism helps Chauvinism hinders Relatively stable business environment Multiple environments, many of which are highly unstable (but may be highly profitable) Domestic Planning International Planning Uniform financial climate Variety of financial climates ranging from over-conservative to wildly inflationary Single currency Currencies differing in stability and real value Business rules of the game mature and understood Rules diverse, changeable and unclear Solid Global Marketing decisions involve months of research with high degree of planning to achieve companys ultimate goals. Advanced planning gives a number of advantages Helps coordinate activities Helps prepare for emergencies Gives activity continuity Integrates functions and activities Helps in a continuous review of operations Following are the common differences Domestic Marketing Domestic marketing is marketing aimed at a single market. This single market is the firms domestic market. The firm faces only one set of competitive, economic and market issues. International Marketing International marketing goes beyond exporting and calls for direct involvement in the local marketing environment within a given country. Understanding different cultural, economic and political environments becomes necessary for success in international markets. Empirical Examples The domestic businesses samples probably rise in the range of local suppliers whereas the internationally engaged business strives to keep their business growing such as the Nike, automobile businesss, and even beauty products. QVC shopping leader The QVC shopping leader started as a shopping channel. The show hosts could only demonstrate a limited number of products per day. In 1996, QVC thought of expanding its business by getting into an Internet business where customers could browse online at their iQVC web site for a much larger selection of products. The QVC marketed majority of its product online which resulted in quantum leap in QVC e-business, spurring development of a technologically elegant system of warehousing and shipping the items as well. iQVC noticed a profit only after three months, made $97 million in profits by the year 2000, and has enjoyed ever-increasing sales each year since then. McDonalds Strategy McDonald has succeeded in growing as a consequence of its strategic choices. The analysis of the external and internal environment of the company shows, McDonalds strengths are more significant than its weaknesses. The primary strength is its brand, which is recognized all over the world, and its position at the head of its industry makes it a force to be reckoned with. The ability to determine what consumers want and need and adapt to new requirement is a major strength of company. This is the one that requires McDonalds to keep reinventing itself. Previously McDonalds used to close in the evenings just after dinner, but now almost 40% of McDonalds restaurants stay open round the clock, this is done to focus on between-meal and late-night options such as snack foods and fruit smoothies. On top of this McDonalds keeps on generating new products more aggressively than in the past. The new selections are tried out in one market for several weeks to see how the sales, costs, and margins grow and how easy they are to prepare by the companys constantly-changing staff. McDonalds strategies add on to companys strengths, such as the delivery service. It offers services in crowded cities such as Shanghai, this way company not only make more sales by catering to the traffic-challenged, time-constrained, and lazy, it also saves itself some money at the same time, because delivered meals require no table clean-up at the restaurant. Biggest International Marketing Mistakes Few companies faced huge losses due to insufficient planning and research done before launching the product in global market. In South East Asia Pepsi Cola lost it dominant market share when they changed the color of its vending machines and coolers from deep Regal blue to light Ice blue as Light blue is associated with death and mourning in SE Asia. Few years back when Pepsi started marketing products in China, they translated their slogan, Pepsi Brings You Back to Life pretty literally. The literal meaning of slogan in Chinese was, Pepsi Brings Your Ancestors Back from the Grave. During Chevrolets attempt to launch the Nova proved a mistake as Spanish translation of it was Doesnt Go, and in Mexico translation was (turns out this one appears to be an urban legend and cannot be verified). Ethical Problems in International Marketing The ethical standards are frequently not defined or always clear even within the country, which to leads dilemmas for domestic marketers. The business ethics is infinitely more complex in international marketplace, because value judgments differ widely among culturally diverse groups. The ethical standards commonly accepted in one country may be completely unacceptable in other countries. In US, giving business gifts of high value is highly condemned, whereas in many other countries the business gifts are not only accepted but also expected. Once the existing ethical framework is examined in the field of international marketing from a macro marketing perspective, it is argued that marketers cannot always rely on universally accepted ethical norms, such as hyper norms or core values that have been suggested by a deluge of marketing. We can use some basic moral values in evaluating international marketing ethical issues. We should accept violations of basic moral values in internationa l marketing settings as ethical problems. Following are Major International Marketing Ethical Problems derived from applied researches by Armstrong Traditional Small Scale Bribery- This involves the payment of few concurrency to a foreign official in exchange for him/her violating some official duty or responsibility or to speed routine government actions (grease payments, kickbacks). Large Scale Bribery- This involves relatively large payment intended to allow a violation of the law or designed to influence policy directly or indirectly (eg, political contribution). Gifts/Favours/Entertainment- This includes a range of items such as: lavish physical gifts, opportunities for personal travel at the companys expense, gifts received after the completion of transaction and other extravagant expensive entertainment. Pricing This involves unfair differential pricing, questionable invoicing in which the buyer requests a written invoice showing a price that is different from the actual price paid, pricing to force out local competition, dumping products at prices well below that in the home country, pricing practices that are illegal in the home country but legal in host country (eg, price fixing agreements). Products/Technology This includes products and technology that are banned for use in the home country but permitted in the host country and/or appear unsuitable or inappropriate for use by the people of the host country. Tax Evasion Practices This is used specifically to evade tax such as transfer pricing (i.e., where prices paid between affiliates and/or parent company adjusted to affect profit allocation) including the use of tax havens, where any profit made is in low tax jurisdiction, interest payments on intra-firm loans, questionable management and service fees charged between affiliates and /or the parent company. Illegal/Immoral Activities in the Host Country This includes practices such as: polluting the environment, maintaining unsafe working conditions; product/technology copying where protection of patents, trademarks or copyrights has not been enforced and short weighting overseas shipments so as to charge a country a phantom weight. Questionable Commissions to Channel Members This includes unreasonably large commissions of fees paid to channel members, such as sales agents, middlemen, consultants, dealers and importers. Cultural Differences This is between cultures involving potential misunderstandings related to the traditional requirements of the exchange process (e.g., transactions) may be regarded by one culture as bribes but be acceptable business practices in another culture. These practices include: gifts, monetary payments, favours, entertainment and political contributions. Involvement in Political Affairs- This is related to the combination of marketing activities and politics including the following: the exertion of political influence by multinationals, engaging in marketing activities when either home or host countries are at war and illegal technology transfers. Conclusion Typically, the first area where companies seek to market their goods or services is within its own country (domestic marketing). Since the market, customer needs, tastes, geography, demographics, and distribution methods are familiar, its often the easiest place for companies to launch a product. The four Ps of marketing product, price, place and promotion are often easier for companies to determine within the domestic market. Companies begin marketing their goods or services within their domestic market, and expand to the global market to capture greater market share and open up new avenues for sales. Global marketing means to offer ones goods or services worldwide. Global marketing requires months of research and planning before getting into global market. It is necessary to understand different cultural, economic and political environments for success in international markets Reference and bibliography Text referencing: Reference book The Global Marketing Imperative by Michael R. Czinkota, Ilkka A. Ronkainen, John Tarrant News paper articles Electronic sources: Websites Publications available from websites Unpublished works: Personal communication

Applying Theory to Practice Essay

Theory offers procedure and arrangement to nursing knowledge and provides a methodical way of collecting data to define, clarify, and forecast nursing practice (McEwen & Willis, 2011). Nurses use nursing theory to develop a certain outlook about patient care. Nursing theories serve as a shared groundwork for nursing practice across all settings to develop better patient care outcomes. This paper will explore childhood obesity and then apply to practice a mid-range and a borrowed nursing theory to the practice problem. Childhood obesity is a national problem that crosses all economic and social lines. Overweight children and adolescents are in jeopardy of having heart disease, such as hyperlipidemia or hypertension. In a varied group trial of 5- to 17-year-olds youths, 70% of overweight youth had at least one risk factor for heart disease (Freedman, Zuguo, Srinivasan, Berenson, & Dietz, 2007). Overweight youth are at higher risk to develop Type II diabetes (Li, Ford, Zhao, & Mokdad, 2009). Type II diabetes increases the risk of long term complications such as renal disease, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, amputation, neuropathy, up to and including death. Youth that are overweight are also at higher risk for musculoskeletal issues, sleep disorders, socio-economic problems due to families inability to obtain medications and treatment. Overweight youth are also at risk of psychological problems such as being bullied in school, depression, suicide, and poor self-esteem (Dietz, 2004). Children and adolescents who are obese often carry this into adulthood and become obese adults. This sets them up for the likely hood of adult health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and osteoarthritis (Guo & Chumlea, 1999). Some of the long term ramifications of childhood obesity include but are not limited to many types of cancer, including cancer of the breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, gall bladder, thyroid, ovary, cervix, and prostate, multiple myeloma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Kushi et al., 2006). There are so many short term and long term emotional and physical ramifications associated with childhood obesity that it warrants research and study. Childhood obesity is preventable and treatable. As a society it is time that measures were put into place to reduce the ever increasing numbers of children dealing with childhood obesity on a daily basis. There also seems to be a tendency for obesity to be passed down from generation to generation not because of genetics alone, but because of the learned lifestyle of the family. To treat children and adolescents for obesity it is going to take educating and treating the entire family unit. References Dietz, W. H. (2004). Overweight in childhood and adolescents. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(), 855-857. Freedman, D. S., Zuguo, M., Srinivasan, S. R., Berenson, G. S., & Dietz, W. H. (2007). Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa heart study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(1), 12-17. Guo, S. S., & Chumlea, W. C. (1999). Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(), 145-148. Kushi, L. H., Byers, T., Doyle, C., Bandera, E. V., McCullough, M., & Gansler, T. (2006). American cancer society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 56(56), 254. Li, C., Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Prevalence of prediabetes and its association with clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and hyperinsu linemia among US adolescents. Diabetes Care, 32(). McEwen, M., & Willis, E. M. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3 ed.). Philidelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer .

American Dreamer Essay

Bharati Mukherjee’s essay about an â€Å"American Dreamer† was brought across with a strong positive point which I agreed with for the most part. After reading over her essay numerous times I finally got a hold of what she was trying to get across to the reader. On one hand she explains that she admires the bill of rights and what our nation was founded upon. I think a lot of people would agree with this considering how far our nation has got with it, but then again you have those who oppose. On the other hand she expresses how she feels about being called Indian-American. The way she conveys her opinion about it makes me want to agree with her more. Her writing is very persuasive and I have to say I not only agree with her because opinion, but for the reason that if I were to go to another country, and have to work as hard as she did to become a legalized citizen. Another thing were on the same page on is having to put a hyphenated status even after becoming a fully legalized citizen. Mukherhee comparison of her culture to the United States was interesting to me. I have never seen a person express how much they value their cultures strict laws and regulations. This makes me think about how I take advantage of all the great things my country has to offer. She described her culture clearly and one of the things that lingered in my head was that the parents chose who you married. This made me grateful of the many freedoms I have in my country also. America has a lot to offer but the main reason people migrate to United States is because of the freedom. I can understand why they decide to come here, but I have always wondered why you don’t see Americans migrating to other countries as much. There are many reasons they don’t go and I comprehend them, but if there was freedom in those countries I question would it be different. Over the past twenty-five years twenty million people have migrated to the United States from other countries. That is a vast amount and it makes me speculate if that amount continues to increase will we be overpopulated in the years to come. I think America should start limit the amount of people that desire to become Americans, and start to clean out the immigrants who have decided to not be responsible and become legal citizens. I am not saying this to be racist or defrading, but I am stating this because people who come to America illegally take a lot of what our great country has to offer and use it like it was in there possession already. For example I have head of many illegal immigrants that come to America and obtain free medical care and welfare checks that our taxes pay for. All I inquire is that they become legal and not take what our great country has to offer and take advantage of it. That is my personal view of the subject though I found myself having almost the same view point as Mukherjee. This issue about any hyphenated status as an American is a controversial one, but Bharati Mukherjee has a point and it needs to be heard. After working hard to become a legal citizen you shouldn’t have to hyphenate racial status. Although some might object and have a total diverse opinion I would reply with a simple suggestion to read this short essay, because it had a positive effect on me and I hope it will have the same on you.

What Is the Negative Binomial Distribution

The negative binomial distribution is a probability distribution  that is used with discrete random variables. This type of distribution concerns the number of trials that must occur in order to have a predetermined number of successes.   As we will see, the negative binomial distribution is related to the binomial distribution.   In addition, this distribution generalizes the geometric distribution. The Setting We will start by looking at both the setting and the conditions that give rise to a negative binomial distribution.   Many of these conditions are very similar to a binomial setting. We have a Bernoulli experiment.   This means that each trial we perform has a well-defined success and failure and that these are the only outcomes.The probability of success is constant no matter how many times we perform the experiment.   We denote this constant probability with a p.The experiment is repeated for X independent trials, meaning that the outcome of one trial has no effect on the outcome of a subsequent trial.   These three conditions are identical to those in a binomial distribution.   The difference is that a binomial random variable has a fixed number of trials n.   The only values of X are 0, 1, 2, ..., n, so this is a finite distribution. A negative binomial distribution is concerned with the number of trials X that must occur until we have r successes.   The number r is a whole number that we choose before we start performing our trials.   The random variable X is still discrete.   However, now the random variable can take on values of X r, r1, r2, ... This random variable is countably infinite, as it could take an arbitrarily long time before we obtain r successes. Example To help make sense of a negative binomial distribution, it is worthwhile to consider an example.   Suppose that we flip a fair coin and we ask the question, What is the probability that we get three heads in the first X coin flips?   This is a situation that calls for a negative binomial distribution.   The coin flips have two possible outcomes, the probability of success is a constant 1/2, and the trials they are independent of one another.   We ask for the probability of getting the first three heads after X coin flips.   Thus we have to flip the coin at least three times.   We then keep flipping until the third head appears. In order to calculate probabilities related to a negative binomial distribution, we need some more information.   We need to know the probability mass function. Probability Mass Function The probability mass function for a negative binomial distribution can be developed with a little bit of thought.   Every trial has a probability of success given by p.   Since there are only two possible outcomes, this means that the probability of failure is constant (1 - p ). The rth success must occur for the xth and final trial.   The previous x - 1 trials must contain exactly r - 1 successes.   The number of ways that this can occur is given by the number of combinations: C(x - 1, r -1) (x - 1)!/[(r - 1)!(x - r)!].   In addition to this we have independent events, and so we can multiply our probabilities together.   Putting all of this together, we obtain the probability mass function f(x) C(x - 1, r -1) pr(1 - p)x - r. The Name of the Distribution We are now in a position to understand why this random variable has a negative binomial distribution.   The number of combinations that we encountered above can be written differently by setting x - r k: (x - 1)!/[(r - 1)!(x - r)!] (x k - 1)!/[(r - 1)! k!] (r k - 1)(x k - 2) . . . (r 1)(r)/k! (-1)k(-r)(-r - 1). . .(-r -(k 1)/k!. Here we see the appearance of a negative binomial coefficient, which is used when we raise a binomial expression (a b) to a negative power. Mean The mean of a distribution is important to know because it is one way to denote the center of the distribution.   The mean of this type of random variable is given by its expected value and is equal to r / p.   We can prove this carefully by using the moment generating function for this distribution. Intuition guides us to this expression as well.   Suppose that we perform a series of trials n1 until we obtain r successes.   And then we do this again, only this time it takes n2 trials.   We continue this over and over, until we have a large number of groups of trials N n1 n2   . . .    nk. Each of these k trials contains r successes, and so we have a total of kr successes.   If N   is large, then we would expect to see about Np successes.   Thus we equate these together and have kr Np. We do some algebra and find that N / k r / p.   The fraction on the left-hand side of this equation is the average number of trials required for each of our k groups of trials.   In other words, this is the expected number of times to perform the experiment so that we have a total of r successes.   This is exactly the expectation that we wish to find.   We see that this is equal to the formula r / p. Variance The variance of the negative binomial distribution can also be calculated by using the moment generating function. When we do this we see the variance of this distribution is given by the following formula: r(1 - p)/p2 Moment Generating Function The moment generating function for this type of random variable is quite complicated.   Recall that the moment generating function is defined to be the expected value E[etX].   By using this definition with our probability mass function, we have: M(t) E[etX] ÃŽ £ (x - 1)!/[(r - 1)!(x - r)!]etXpr(1 - p)x - r After some algebra this becomes M(t) (pet)r[1-(1- p)et]-r Relationship to Other Distributions We have seen above how the negative binomial distribution is similar in many ways to the binomial distribution.   In addition to this connection, the negative binomial distribution is a more general version of a geometric distribution.    A geometric random variable X counts the number of trials necessary before the first success occurs.   It is easy to see that this is exactly the negative binomial distribution, but with r equal to one. Other formulations of the negative binomial distribution exist.   Some textbooks define X to be the number of trials until r failures occur. Example Problem We will look at an example problem to see how to work with the negative binomial distribution.   Suppose that a basketball player is an 80% free throw shooter.   Further, assume that making one free throw is independent of making the next.   What is the probability that for this player the eighth basket is made on the tenth free throw? We see that we have a setting for a negative binomial distribution.   The constant probability of success is 0.8, and so the probability of failure is 0.2.   We want to determine the probability of X10 when r 8. We plug these values into our probability mass function: f(10) C(10 -1, 8 - 1) (0.8)8(0.2)2 36(0.8)8(0.2)2, which is approximately 24%. We could then ask what is the average number of free throws shot before this player makes eight of them.   Since the expected value is 8/0.8 10, this is the number of shots.